What does bias mean in a research context?

• A. Objectivity in measurement
• B. Prejudice in favor or against something
• C. Statistical significance of results
• D. Neutral interpretation of data

Answer: (B)

In the context of research, bias refers specifically to any systematic error or deviation from the truth in data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or review, which often leads to results that favor one outcome over another. This can manifest as a prejudice, either in favor of or against a particular viewpoint, theory, or group. Bias can significantly affect the validity of research findings, as it may distort the conclusions drawn from the data.

Understanding bias is crucial for researchers, as it emphasizes the importance of maintaining objectivity and transparency throughout the research process to ensure that results are credible and can be trusted. This understanding helps to highlight the need for researchers to be aware of their own potential biases and the influence of external factors on their work.